Sends msg to this actor (asynchronous).
Sends msg to this actor (asynchronous).
the message to send
Sends msg to this actor and immediately returns a future representing
the reply value.
Sends msg to this actor and immediately returns a future representing
the reply value.
the message to be sent
the future
Sends msg to this actor and immediately returns a future representing
the reply value.
Sends msg to this actor and immediately returns a future representing
the reply value. The reply is post-processed using the partial function
handler. This also allows to recover a more precise type for the reply
value.
the message to be sent
the function to be applied to the response
the future
Test two objects for inequality.
Test two objects for inequality.
true if !(this == that), false otherwise.
Sends msg to this actor and awaits reply (synchronous) within
msec milliseconds.
Sends msg to this actor and awaits reply (synchronous) within
msec milliseconds.
the time span before timeout
the message to be sent
None in case of timeout, otherwise
Some(x) where x is the reply
Sends msg to this actor and awaits reply (synchronous).
Sends msg to this actor and awaits reply (synchronous).
the message to be sent
the reply
Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null.
Equivalent to x.hashCode except for boxed numeric types and null.
For numerics, it returns a hash value which is consistent
with value equality: if two value type instances compare
as true, then ## will produce the same hash value for each
of them.
For null returns a hashcode where null.hashCode throws a
NullPointerException.
a hash value consistent with ==
Test two objects for equality.
Test two objects for equality.
The expression x == that is equivalent to if (x eq null) that eq null else x.equals(that).
true if the receiver object is equivalent to the argument; false otherwise.
Receives the next message from the mailbox
Receives the next message from the mailbox
Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.
Cast the receiver object to be of type T0.
Note that the success of a cast at runtime is modulo Scala's erasure semantics.
Therefore the expression 1.asInstanceOf[String] will throw a ClassCastException at
runtime, while the expression List(1).asInstanceOf[List[String]] will not.
In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is
not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the requested type.
the receiver object.
if the receiver object is not an instance of the erasure of type T0.
Create a copy of the receiver object.
Continues with the execution of the closure registered as
continuation following andThen.
Continues with the execution of the closure registered as
continuation following andThen. Continues with the execution
of the next loop iteration when invoked inside the body of loop
or loopWhile.
Tests whether the argument (arg0) is a reference to the receiver object (this).
Tests whether the argument (arg0) is a reference to the receiver object (this).
The eq method implements an equivalence relation on
non-null instances of AnyRef, and has three additional properties:
x and y of type AnyRef, multiple invocations of
x.eq(y) consistently returns true or consistently returns false.x of type AnyRef, x.eq(null) and null.eq(x) returns false.null.eq(null) returns true. When overriding the equals or hashCode methods, it is important to ensure that their behavior is
consistent with reference equality. Therefore, if two objects are references to each other (o1 eq o2), they
should be equal to each other (o1 == o2) and they should hash to the same value (o1.hashCode == o2.hashCode).
true if the argument is a reference to the receiver object; false otherwise.
The equality method for reference types.
This partial function is applied to exceptions that propagate out of this actor's body.
This partial function is applied to exceptions that propagate out of this actor's body.
Terminates with exit reason 'normal.
Terminates with exit reason 'normal.
Terminates execution of self with the following
effect on linked actors:
Terminates execution of self with the following
effect on linked actors:
For each linked actor a with
trapExit set to true, send message
Exit(self, reason) to a.
For each linked actor a with
trapExit set to false (default),
call a.exit(reason) if
reason != 'normal.
Called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when there are no more references to the object.
Called by the garbage collector on the receiver object when there are no more references to the object.
The details of when and if the finalize method is invoked, as
well as the interaction between finalize and non-local returns
and exceptions, are all platform dependent.
Returns string formatted according to given format string.
Returns string formatted according to given format string.
Format strings are as for String.format
(@see java.lang.String.format).
Forwards msg to this actor (asynchronous).
Forwards msg to this actor (asynchronous).
the message to forward
A representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
A representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
The nature of the representation is platform dependent.
a representation that corresponds to the dynamic class of the receiver object.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
State of this actor
State of this actor
the execution state
The hashCode method for reference types.
Returns the actor which sent the last received message.
Returns the actor which sent the last received message.
Test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0.
Test whether the dynamic type of the receiver object is T0.
Note that the result of the test is modulo Scala's erasure semantics.
Therefore the expression 1.isInstanceOf[String] will return false, while the
expression List(1).isInstanceOf[List[String]] will return true.
In the latter example, because the type argument is erased as part of compilation it is
not possible to check whether the contents of the list are of the specified type.
true if the receiver object is an instance of erasure of type T0; false otherwise.
Links self to the actor defined by body.
Links self to the actor defined by body.
the body of the actor to link to
the parameter actor
Links self to actor to.
Links self to actor to.
the actor to link to
the parameter actor
Links self to actor to.
Links self to actor to.
the actor to link to
the parameter actor
Repeatedly executes body.
Repeatedly executes body.
the block to be executed
Repeatedly executes body while the condition cond is true.
Repeatedly executes body while the condition cond is true.
the condition to test
the block to be executed
Enables the composition of suspendable closures using andThen,
loop, loopWhile, etc.
Enables the composition of suspendable closures using andThen,
loop, loopWhile, etc.
Equivalent to !(this eq that).
Equivalent to !(this eq that).
true if the argument is not a reference to the receiver object; false otherwise.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
Wakes up all threads that are waiting on the receiver object's monitor.
not specified by SLS as a member of AnyRef
See the companion object's react method.
See the companion object's react method.
See the companion object's reactWithin method.
See the companion object's reactWithin method.
the time span before timeout
See the companion object's receive method.
See the companion object's receive method.
a partial function with message patterns and actions
result of processing the received value
See the companion object's receiveWithin method.
See the companion object's receiveWithin method.
the time span before timeout
a partial function with message patterns and actions
result of processing the received value
Returns the Actor that is receiving from this actor.
Returns the Actor that is receiving from this actor.
Replies with msg to the sender.
Replies with msg to the sender.
Restarts this actor.
Restarts this actor.
if the actor is not in state Actor.State.Terminated
Sends msg to this actor (asynchronous) supplying
explicit reply destination.
Sends msg to this actor (asynchronous) supplying
explicit reply destination.
the message to send
the reply destination
Starts this actor.
Creates a String representation of this object.
Creates a String representation of this object. The default representation is platform dependent. On the java platform it is the concatenation of the class name, "@", and the object's hashcode in hexadecimal.
a String representation of the object.
Unlinks self from actor from.
Unlinks self from actor from.
Unlinks self from actor from.
Unlinks self from actor from.
(actor: StringAdd).self
(actor: StringFormat).self
(actor: ArrowAssoc[Actor]).x
(Since version 2.10.0) Use leftOfArrow instead
(actor: Ensuring[Actor]).x
(Since version 2.10.0) Use resultOfEnsuring instead
Provides lightweight, concurrent actors. Actors are created by extending the
Actortrait (alternatively, one of the factory methods in its companion object can be used). The behavior of anActorsubclass is defined by implementing itsactmethod:A new
Actorinstance is started by invoking itsstartmethod.Note: care must be taken when invoking thread-blocking methods other than those provided by the
Actortrait or its companion object (such asreceive). Blocking the underlying thread inside an actor may lead to starvation of other actors. This also applies to actors hogging their thread for a long time between invokingreceive/react.If actors use blocking operations (for example, methods for blocking I/O), there are several options:
actors.corePoolSizeJVM property).schedulermethod of theActortrait can be overridden to return aResizableThreadPoolScheduler, which resizes its thread pool to avoid starvation caused by actors that invoke arbitrary blocking methods.actors.enableForkJoinJVM property can be set tofalse, in which case aResizableThreadPoolScheduleris used by default to execute actors.The main ideas of the implementation are explained in the two papers